Breathing pattern disorder in chronic rhinosinusitis with severe asthma: nasal obstruction and polyps do not increase prevalence.

OBJECTIVES: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with severe asthma are associated with breathing pattern disorder (BPD). Mouth breathing is a sign of breathing pattern disorder, and nose breathing a fundamental part of breathing pattern retraining for BPD. The prevalence of BPD in relation to CRS subtypes and the relationship of nasal obstruction to BPD in CRS and associated severe asthma is unknown. The breathing pattern assessment tool (BPAT) can identify BPD. Our objective was to thus investigate the prevalence of BPD, nasal airflow obstruction and measures of airway disease severity in CRS with (CRSwNP) and without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) in severe asthma. METHODS: We determined whether CRS status, peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) or polyp disease increased BPD prevalence. Demographic factors, measures of airway function and breathlessness in relation to BPD status and CRS subtypes were also evaluated. RESULTS: 130 Patients were evaluated (n = 69 had BPD). The prevalence of BPD in CRS with severe asthma was 53.1%. There was no difference between BPD occurrence between CRSwNP and CRSsNP. The mean polyp grade and PNIF were not statistically different between the BPD and non-BPD group. The presence of nasal polyps did not increase breathlessness. CONCLUSIONS: BPD and CRS are commonly co-associated. CRS status and nasal obstruction per se does not increase BPD prevalence.

Screening for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Associated Risk Factors in Adolescents and Adults With Isolated Robin Sequence.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the subjective risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adolescents and young adults with isolated Robin sequence (IRS). Additionally, to investigate the association of OSA risk with respiratory signs/symptoms, and retrognathia. DESIGN: Prospective, observational, and cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tertiary reference hospital for the rehabilitation of craniofacial anomalies. PARTICIPANTS: Adolescents and adults (n = 30) with IRS were clinically evaluated and screened through the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) and Respiratory Symptoms Questionnaire. The maxillomandibular relationship was assessed on lateral cephalograms of those that reached skeletal maturity (n = 13). Polysomnography (PSG) was performed in a subgroup of 4 individuals. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 18.2 (±3.4) years, 17 (56.7%) were adolescents (14-19 years), and 16 were (53.3%) female, all presented a repaired cleft palate. CLINICAL PARAMETERS: Systemic arterial pressure (118.0 ± 4.1/76.3 ± 4.9 mmHg), body mass index (BMI) (20.9 ± 2.8 kg/m2), neck (33.2 ± 2.3 cm), and waist circumferences (72.0 ± 5.8 cm) were within normal ranges. A skeletal class I pattern was observed in 61.5% of the participants while a class II was seen in 15.4% of them. A high risk for OSA was detected in 16.7%, and it was associated with nasal obstruction, snoring and drowsiness, and a skeletal class II pattern (P ≤ .05). One patient presented with mild OSA (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] = 10.1 events/hour) at the PSG exam. CONCLUSIONS: A high risk for OSA can be observed with a moderate frequency among adolescents and young adults with IRS, especially among those who are concurrently suffering from nasal obstruction, snoring and retrognathia.

A longitudinal prospective study of septoplasty impact on headache and allergic rhinitis in patients with septal deviation.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the severity of allergic rhinitis (AR) and different types of headaches in patients with septal deviation before and after septoplasty. METHODS: This multicentre, prospective, longitudinal, observational study enrolled patients with deviated nasal septum, nasal symptoms and headaches associated with persistent AR lasting at least 2 months without resolution. The nasal obstruction evaluation (NOSE) scale, immunoglobulin-E (Ig-E) levels and visual analogue scale (VAS) for headache pain severity were evaluated before and after septoplasty using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: A total of 196 patients were enrolled in the study (102 males; 94 females). A total of 134 patients (68%) were diagnosed with severe AR and 166 (85%) experienced headaches with AR. The majority (100 of 166 patients; 60%) had sinusoidal headaches, while 25% (42 of 166 patients) reported a combination of sinusoidal headache and migraine and 14% (24 of 166 patients) experienced migraines. A comparison of preoperative and postoperative Ig-E levels, NOSE and VAS scores demonstrated that septoplasty significantly improved AR symptoms and headaches. Although there were significant improvements in headaches overall post-septoplasty, only the sinusoidal components improved, while migraine remained unaffected. CONCLUSION: Septoplasty improved AR and sinusoidal headaches in patients with septal deviation, but migraines remained unaffected.

Incompetent lip seal and nail biting as risk factors for malocclusion in Japanese preschool children aged 3-6 years.

BACKGROUND: Malocclusion is a multifactorial condition associated with genetic and environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of occlusal traits, oral habits, and nose and throat conditions by age and to assess the association between malocclusion and its environmental factors in Japanese preschool children. METHODS: A total of 503 Japanese children (258 boys and 245 girls aged 3-6 years) were recruited. Occlusal traits were assessed visually to record sagittal, vertical, and transverse malocclusion, and space discrepancies. Lip seal was recorded by an examiner, and oral habits (finger sucking, lip sucking or lip biting, nail biting, chin resting on a hand) and nose and throat conditions (tendency for nasal obstruction, allergic rhinitis, palatine tonsil hypertrophy) were assessed by a questionnaire completed by the parents. The prevalence of each item was calculated, and binary logistic regression was used to examine the factors related to malocclusion. RESULTS: 62.0% of preschool children in the present study exhibited malocclusion, and 27.8% exhibited incompetent lip seal. Nail biting was the most frequent oral habit with a prevalence of 18.9%. Nasal obstruction was recorded in 30.4% of children. The results of binary logistic regression showed that incompetent lip seal was significantly related to malocclusion, and that nail biting was significantly negatively related. CONCLUSIONS: Incompetent lip seal is significantly associated with malocclusion, but nail biting may not necessarily be a deleterious habit for the occlusion in Japanese preschool children.

Transient loss and recovery of oral chemesthesis, taste and smell with COVID-19: A small case-control series.

Transient loss of smell is a common symptom of influenza and other upper respiratory infections. Loss of taste is possible but rare with these illnesses, and patient reports of 'taste loss' typically arise from a taste / flavor confusion. Thus, initial reports from COVID-19 patients of loss of taste and chemesthesis (i.e., chemical somatosensation like warming or cooling) were met with skepticism until multiple studies confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections could disrupt these senses. Many studies have been based on self-report or on single time point assessments after acute illness was ended. Here, we describe intensive longitudinal data over 28 days from adults aged 18-45 years recruited in early 2021 (i.e., prior to the Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 waves). These individuals were either COVID-19 positive or close contacts (per U.S. CDC criteria at the time of the study) in the first half of 2021. Upon enrollment, all participants were given nose clips, blinded samples of commercial jellybeans (Sour Cherry and Cinnamon), and scratch-n-sniff odor identification test cards (ScentCheckPro), which they used for daily assessments. In COVID-19 cases who enrolled on or before Day 10 of infection, Gaussian Process Regression showed two distinct measures of function - odor identification and odor intensity - declined relative to controls (exposed individuals who never developed COVID-19). Because enrollment began upon exposure, some participants became ill only after enrollment, which allowed us to capture baseline ratings, onset of loss, and recovery. Data from these four cases and four age- and sex- matched controls were plotted over 28 days to create panel plots. Variables included mean orthonasal intensity of four odors (ScentCheckPro), perceived nasal blockage, oral burn (Cinnamon jellybeans), and sourness and sweetness (Sour Cherry jellybeans). Controls exhibited stable ratings over time. By contrast, COVID-19 cases showed sharp deviations over time. Changes in odor intensity or odor identification were not explained by nasal blockage. No single pattern of taste loss or recovery was apparent, implying different taste qualities might recover at different rates. Oral burn was transiently reduced for some before recovering quickly, suggesting acute loss may be missed in datasets collected only after illness ends. Collectively, intensive daily testing shows orthonasal smell, oral chemesthesis and taste were each altered by acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. This disruption was dyssynchronous for different modalities, with variable loss and recovery rates across both modalities and individuals.

Utility of Serum Interleukine-6 Level in Empty Nose Syndrome.

Objectives: Empty nose syndrome (ENS), a complication resulting from surgical procedures on turbinate tissue, is characterized by paradoxical nasal obstruction with wide nasal airways. Patients with ENS often also experience psychiatric symptoms, and psychiatric disorder detection remains dependent on subjective evaluation. Objective biomarkers for mental status assessment in patients with ENS are unestablished. This study aimed to evaluate the role of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the mental status of patients with ENS. Methods: Overall, 35 patients with ENS who underwent endonasal submucosal implantation surgery were prospectively included in the study. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-25 (SNOT-25), Empty Nose Syndrome 6-item Questionnaire (ENS6Q), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used to assess the physical and psychiatric symptoms of these patients preoperatively, and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Serum IL-6 levels were analyzed 1 day before surgery. Results: All subjective assessments significantly improved 3 months after surgery and plateaued at 12 months. Patients with higher serum preoperative IL-6 levels tended to experience more severe depression. Regression analysis showed that a preoperative serum IL-6 level > 1.985 pg/mL was significantly correlated with severe depression status in patients with ENS (odds ratio = 9.76, p = 0.020). Conclusions: ENS patients with higher preoperative serum IL-6 levels were more likely to have severe depressive burden. Since more suicidal thoughts or attempts were noted in these patients, timely treatment plan for patients with high levels of serum IL-6 is crucial and may consider psychotherapy after surgical treatment.

Trans-sellar-trans-sphenoidal encephalocele presenting as nasal obstruction in an infant: a case report and systematic review of existing reports.

Trans-sellar trans-sphenoidal encephalocele is a rare congenital anomaly, with only around 20 cases having been documented in literature around the world. Surgical repair of these defects in the pediatric population commonly uses either the transcranial or the transpalatal approach, with the choice of approach being individualized based on the clinical features, age, and associated defects present in the patient. Here, we document a case of a 4-month-old child who presented to us with nasal obstruction, who was diagnosed with this rare entity and successfully underwent a transcranial repair for the same. We also provide a systematic review of all existing case reports that have described this rare condition in the pediatric population, as weel as the different surgical approaches used in each case.

Nasal septal abscess in adult patients - A single center study.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study was to present and analyze the etiologic factors, clinical manifestations, bacteriology, and treatment outcomes of nasal septal abscess in a large cohort of adult patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis. RESULTS: 36 adult patients, age from 19 to 85 (mean age, 51.83), with nasal septal abscesses were treated at Ear Nose Throat Hospital of Ho Chi Minh City from January 2020 to August 2022. The most common symptoms were nasal obstruction (75 %), headache/facial pain (58.33 %). Etiologic factors were found in 83.33 % of cases with the most common were diabetes mellitus (47.22 %), nose-picking (44.44 %). 75 % of cases had positive bacterial culture, of which 70.37 % were Staphylococcus aureus. Septal abscess was successfully treated in all cases using our treatment protocol, which involved an extended modified Killian's incision, irrigation with 1 % poviodine, placement of gauze in the abscess pocket, and nasal packing with Merocels. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes and nose-picking were the most common etiologic factors; Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism of nasal septal abscess in our study. Our treatment protocol is safe and effective.

Use and Abuse of Electrocautery in Adenoidectomy Hemostasis.

Background and objectives: Bipolar electrocautery is commonly used to control bleeding after cold-instrument pediatric adenoidectomy, but the surgeon should be aware of the possible side effects. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to investigate the effects of bipolar electrocautery when used for bleeding control at the end of an adenoidectomy procedure. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the effect of electrocautery on postoperative pain, velopharyngeal insufficiency symptoms, postoperative nasal obstruction, and rhinorrhea in a group of 90 children undergoing adenoidectomy in our ENT department over a period of 3 months. Results: After statistically analyzing the data, we found that the duration of postoperative pain, the duration of rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction, and the duration of painkiller administration, as well as the velopharyngeal insufficiency symptoms, were significantly longer in patients in whom electrocautery was used for hemostasis. A significantly higher incidence of posterior neck pain and halitosis (oral malodor) was noted in the patients in whom electrocautery was used for adenoidectomy hemostasis. Conclusions: Bipolar electrocautery use should be limited during pediatric adenoidectomy hemostasis because of the possible side effects: longer postoperative pain, prolonged nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and velopharyngeal insufficiency, and halitosis. We noted some side effects that were specific to electrocautery use during adenoidectomy: posterior neck pain and oral malodor. Acknowledging the risk for these symptoms can help to alleviate the anxiety of both the parents and the patients regarding the expected postoperative outcomes.

What changes in maxillary morphology from distraction osteogenesis maxillary expansion (DOME) correlate with subjective and objective OSA measures?

OBJECTIVES: To correlate skeletal and airway measures on imaging with polysomnographic and self-reported measures after distraction osteogenesis maxillary expansion (DOME), in the effort to identify clinically relevant sites of expansion to guide treatment for adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study reviewing subjects who underwent DOME and had the complete set of the following data: peri-treatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, polysomnography (PSG), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and nasal obstruction symptom (NOSE) scores. RESULTS: Of 132 subjects who underwent DOME, 35 met inclusion criteria (71% men, mean age 27.7 ± 6.5 years, mean BMI 26.0 ± 6.4 kg/m2) and were enrolled in the study. There was a significant reduction in the NOSE score from 11.4 ± 5.5 to 3.6 ± 3.1, in the ESS score from 12.0 ± 4.6 to 7.1 ± 4.7, and in the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) from 17.1 ± 15.8 to 7.01 ± 6.2 (p < 0.0001), after DOME. Nasal floor width at the nasopalatine canal level showed a statistically significant correlation with AHI reduction (p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: DOME is significantly associated with reduction of nasal obstruction, sleepiness, and severity of OSA. The findings suggest that expansion at the anterior third of the bony nasal passage, specifically where the nasopalatine canal is located predicts its clinical efficacy. This site may be a useful target anatomically via imaging.

A Longitudinal Study of Improvement in Nasal Airway Obstruction after Secondary Cleft Rhinoplasty.

BACKGROUND: Nasal airway obstruction is an increasingly recognized phenomenon in patients with cleft lip and/or palate and has the potential to significantly affect quality of life in this patient population. To date, the effect of secondary cleft rhinoplasty on cleft-related nasal airway obstruction has not been studied. METHODS: Patients undergoing secondary cleft rhinoplasty at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from 2015 to 2021 were identified. Preoperative and postoperative Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scores were recorded. Alterations in scores were evaluated for variation depending on patient characteristics, operative maneuvers, and postoperative nasal stenting. RESULTS: Nasal airway obstruction was present in mild to moderate severity in patients before secondary cleft rhinoplasty. Postoperatively, obstruction improved or resolved in the domains of nasal blockage/obstruction, trouble breathing through the nose, and ability to get enough air through the nose during exertion (P < 0.05). Overall composite Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scores improved (P < 0.05). Lateral crural strut grafting was associated with improvement in nasal blockage, whereas alar revision and tip sutures were associated with worsening in specific nasal symptoms. Patients who underwent nasal stenting were found to report less trouble breathing after surgery than patients who did not (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nasal airway obstruction is present in mild to moderate severity in patients with cleft lip and/or palate, and the subjective severity of obstruction is decreased by secondary cleft rhinoplasty. Specific operative maneuvers are associated with alterations in nasal airway obstructive symptoms, and nasal stenting is associated with an improvement in trouble breathing after secondary cleft rhinoplasty. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

Nasal nerve ablation, nasal swell body and inferior turbinate reduction for nasal obstruction and congestion relief.

OBJECTIVE: Nasal obstruction and congestion can occur because of turbinate and septal variations with or without rhinitis. A combined treatment for nasal obstruction and congestion was examined retrospectively in cases where the nasal swell body was addressed with inferior turbinectomy, with or without posterior nasal nerve ablation. METHODS: A 940 nm laser was utilised for contact (nasal swell body, septum and inferior turbinate) and non-contact (posterior nasal nerve) ablation. Total Nasal Symptoms Score, visual analogue scale pain score, complications and procedure location (office vs operating theatre) were recorded. RESULTS: All 242 patients underwent nasal swell body reduction with inferior turbinate reduction, and 150 had posterior nasal nerve ablation also. No laser complications were observed. An 80 per cent reduction in medication usage was noted. Total Nasal Symptoms Score decreased by 73 per cent; rhinorrhoea and congestion scores decreased by 54 per cent and 81 per cent respectively. Crusting, epistaxis and infections were minimal, and resolved within two weeks. CONCLUSION: Nasal swell body with inferior turbinate reduction, with or without posterior nasal nerve ablation, is a new method of treating nasal obstruction and congestion. Laser posterior nasal nerve ablation can be utilised as a complementary tool to deliver anatomical obstruction relief.

Radiofrequency Ablation for Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy: Predictive Factors for Short and Long-Term Outcomes.

OBJECTIVES: Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) is a widely used technique for treatment of nasal obstruction due to inferior turbinate hypertrophy. This study aims to evaluate short and long-term outcome after RFA. Secondly, predictive factors for this outcome were evaluated. METHODS: A prospective clinical study was performed in 65 patients to evaluate short-term outcome and predictive factors (Study A). To evaluate long-term outcome and predictive factors we performed a second clinical study in 124 patients (Study B). Patients scored nasal symptoms on a 1 to 5 points visual analogue scale (VAS) and filled in questionnaires about their comorbidity, previous nasal surgery, and medication use. RESULTS: Study A: There was significant short-term (6-8 weeks after RFA) improvement in nasal obstruction (VAS -1.3, P < .001), trouble exercising (VAS -1.5, P < .001), trouble sleeping (VAS -0.9, P < .001), snoring (VAS -1.1, P< .001), and hyposmia (VAS -0.6, P = .004). Smoking (R2 = .065, P = .047) was a predictor for less optimized and previous use of decongestive nasal spray (R2 = .135, P = .005) for better short-term outcome. Study B: Nasal obstruction significantly decreased in the long term (1-5 years after RFA) compared to VAS before RFA (VAS -1.5, P < .001), but slightly increased compared to VAS 6 to 8 weeks after RFA (VAS +0.3, P = .036). Allergy (R2 = .066, P = .006), asthma (R2 = .068, P = .005), and previous use of corticosteroid nasal spray (R2 = .050, P = .016) were associated with a less optimized and older age (R2 = .217, P < .001) with better long-term outcome. CONCLUSION: RFA is an efficient treatment for nasal obstruction, and improves sleeping, exercising, snoring, and hyposmia. Predictors for good short-term outcome were previous use of decongestive nasal spray and no smoking. Predictors for a less optimized long-term outcome were allergy, asthma, and previous use of corticosteroid nasal spray. Older age was associated with better long-term outcome.

Endoscopic Resection of a Massive Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Nasal Septum.

Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign tumor that commonly arises from the major salivary glands, such as the parotid and submandibular glands. However, they rarely originate from the nasal cavity. Herein, we describe the case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with nasal obstruction. Preoperative evaluation revealed a giant pleomorphic adenoma attached to the nasal septum. Transnasal endoscopic removal was successfully performed using a specimen retrieval bag. We performed an endoscopic complete en-bloc resection of a large pleomorphic adenoma in the nasal cavity, using a specimen retrieval bag. There were no complications seen, no local recurrences after 2 years of follow-up, and the patient satisfaction was high. We therefore recommend that this technique of using specimen retrieval bags can be favorably utilized for endoscopic removal of large nasal tumors like pleomorphic adenoma.

The independent role of nasal obstruction in resistant hypertension for uncontrolled hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

PURPOSE: To determine the independent predictive role of nasal obstruction in resistant hypertension (RH) in uncontrolled hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS: This prospective cohort study comprised of 236 OSA patients with uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) using 1 or 2 classes of antihypertensive drugs visiting Sleep Medicine Center from April 2021 to March 2022. Information on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, BP control and classes of antihypertensive medication, sleep-related symptoms, Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) Scale and sleep parameters was collected. RH incidence according to the BP control and classes of antihypertensive drugs data during the 5 month follow-up was collected. RESULTS: After 5 month follow-up, 217 participants were included for final data analysis. Ninety-five subjects had nocturnal nasal obstruction with a higher proportion of RH (36.8% vs. 17.2%, p = 0.001) compared to those without nocturnal nasal obstruction. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, sleep-related symptoms and OSA severity, multinomial logistic regression models showed that nocturnal nasal obstruction (all ORs > 2.5, p < 0.05) or NOSE ≥ 8 (all ORs > 4.5, p < 0.05) was independently associated with a higher odds of RH. Nasal obstruction treatment improved NOSE score significantly, but did not reduce the incidence of RH significantly. Effective nasal obstruction treatment was associated with antihypertensive drugs reduction (OR 4.43; 95% CI 1.20-16.27). CONCLUSIONS: Nasal obstruction is an independent predictor of RH in uncontrolled hypertensive patients with OSA. In addition to the treatment of OSA, assessment and treatment of nasal obstruction should be considered in the management of uncontrolled hypertensive patients with OSA.

Nasal airway obstruction and orofacial pain: a multicenter retrospective analysis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between nasal airway obstruction (NAO) and symptoms of orofacial pain, including temporomandibular joint pathology and primary headaches. This study was a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients seeking care for chronic orofacial pain at 14 North American treatment centers. The standardized evaluation protocol followed for all patients included cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), a comprehensive clinical examination, and a thorough review of the patient's subjective complaints and health history, including pain and sleep pathology. The primary conditions of interest in this study were the following 5 types of NAO: nasal valve compromise (NVC), deviated septum, septal swell body, concha bullosa, and inferior turbinate soft tissue hypertrophy. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were performed to determine comorbidities between orofacial pain symptoms and NAO observed on CBCT images. The study population consisted of 1393 patients, 253 men (18.2%) and 1140 women (81.8%). The mean age of the patients was 43.3 (SD 18.1) years. NVC was the most prevalent type of NAO found in the study population (n = 1006; 72.2%). NVC showed a statistically significant comorbidity with capsulitis (odds ratio, 3.73) as well as facial and cervical myositis (odds ratio, 6.97). To the author's knowledge, this is first time that these comorbidities have been identified. NAO had a high comorbidity with orofacial pain. Specifically, NVC was a major contributor to NAO. An understanding of the mechanisms of orofacial pain as well as the effects of improper (mouth) breathing, adaptive forward head posture, muscular fatigue, parafunction, and temporomandibular joint pathology will help the clinician to evaluate the role a patient's nose may be playing in orofacial pain.

Outcomes 12 Months After Temperature-Controlled Radiofrequency Device Treatment of the Nasal Valve for Patients With Nasal Airway Obstruction.

Importance: Nasal valve collapse is a primary cause of nasal airway obstruction (NAO). Patients with NAO and nasal valve collapse experience a variety of symptoms that lower their quality of life, such as nasal congestion, headache, sleep disturbance, daytime sleepiness, and snoring. Objective: To determine if active treatment of the nasal valve with a temperature-controlled radiofrequency (TCRF) device, previously demonstrated superior to a sham procedure at 3 months, was safe and associated with sustained improvements in symptoms of NAO through 12 months. Design, Setting, and Participants: In a prospective, multicenter, single-blinded, randomized clinical trial, patients in 16 centers in the US with index procedures between August and December 2020 were assigned to TCRF device treatment of the nasal valve or a sham control procedure (no RF energy). Patients had a baseline Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) Scale score of 55 or greater with nasal valve collapse as the primary or substantial contributor to NAO. After primary end point evaluation at 3 months, eligible patients in the sham control arm crossed over to active treatment. Data analysis was performed between April and May 2022. Interventions: Patients were treated bilaterally with the TCRF device at 4 or fewer nonoverlapping areas on the nasal mucosa at the junction of the upper and lower lateral cartilage on the lateral nasal wall. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point measure was responder rate, defined as 20% or greater reduction in NOSE Scale score or 1 or greater reduction in NOSE Scale clinical severity category. Results: A total of 108 patients received active treatment (77 as index active treatment, 31 after crossover). The mean (SD) age of patients was 48.5 (12.3) years; 66 (61.1%) were women. The combined group of patients receiving active treatment had a mean baseline NOSE Scale score of 76.3 (95% CI, 73.6-79.1). At 12 months (n = 88), the responder rate was 89.8% (95% CI, 81.7%-94.5%). The NOSE Scale score improved from baseline (mean change, -44.9 [95% CI, -52.1 to -37.7]). No device/procedure-related serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions and Relevance: In this follow-up of a cohort from a randomized clinical trial, the minimally invasive TCRF device, previously demonstrated to be superior to a sham procedure, was safe and associated with improvement in symptoms of NAO through 12 months postprocedure. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04549545.

[A rare cause of respiratory distress in the newborn]. / Une cause rare de détresse respiratoire du nouveau-né.

Respiratory distress in the newborn represents a real medical challenge from both the etiological and therapeutic points of view. The causes of respiratory distress are usually divided into two categories: upper and lower airway impairments, with the glottis as the reference level. Concerning the upper airway impairment in the newborn, nasal malformations are one of the main causes, choanal atresia in particular and more rarely congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis. The latter can be symptomatic in a variable degree, depending on the severity of the obstruction. Moreover, the potential syndromic character with the association of other malformations, such as single median incisor or intracranial midline anomalies, should systematically lead to the realisation of a cerebral MRI. Several lines of treatment are available depending on the clinical response ranging from conservative treatment to surgical intervention.

La détresse respiratoire du nouveau-né représente un véritable enjeu médical tant du point de vue étiologique que thérapeutique. On regroupe habituellement en deux catégories les causes de détresse respiratoire : les atteintes hautes et les atteintes basses avec, comme point de référence, le plan glottique. Concernant les atteintes hautes chez le nouveau-né, les malformations nasales sont une des principales causes, notamment l'atrésie des choanes et, plus rarement, la sténose congénitale des orifices piriformes. Cette dernière peut être symptomatique de manière variable en fonction de la gravité. De plus, le caractère syndromique potentiel avec l'association à d'autres malformations, comme l'incisive médiane unique ou des anomalies intracrâniennes de la ligne médiane, doivent systématiquement conduire à la réalisation d'une IRM cérébrale. Plusieurs lignes de traitement sont disponibles en fonction de la réponse clinique allant d'un traitement conservateur jusqu'à une intervention chirurgicale.

Treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy by plasma turbinate reduction with one-point-three-side way. / 一点三面法等离子鼻甲减容术治疗下鼻甲肥厚.

OBJECTIVES: Nasal congestion is often the main symptom of the patients with non-allergic rhinitis, who have inferior turbinate hypertrophy if getting poor treatment effect. Plasma treatment for inferior turbinate hypertrophy can effectively improve nasal obstruction. Generally, plasma treatment with multiple puncture sites, makes patients intraoperative painful and postoperative bleeding, which let patients often fear of surgery. Postoperative nasal adhesion or lower turbinate scar and other complications sometimes happened, and some patients still feel nasal obstruction due to severe mucosal damage and scar formation. We innovatively used one-point-three-side plasma turbinate volume reduction in the treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy, in order to reduce complication, improve symptoms, and enhance curative effect. METHODS: A total of 111 patients with non-allergic rhinitis with complete data due to hypertrophy of inferior turbinate and poor drug treatment from Nov. 2011 to Oct. 2019. The hypertrophic inferior turbinate of patients with non-allergic rhinitis was ablated by plasma turbinate volume reduction, and the symptom scores of patients were evaluated by visual analog scales (VAS) before surgery, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. The intraoperative pain was scored by VAS. The pathological morphology of nasal mucosa was observed before and after operation in some patients. RESULTS: The nasal obstruction score of the patients was significantly lower at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after the operation (all P<0.05). The distribution of submucosal blood vessels and glands was improved by postoperative pathological observation. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma turbinate volume reduction with one-point-three-side is effective with minimally invasion, and less complication, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

[Nasal toilet in infants with rhinitis: nasal passage crucial, so treat with xylometazoline]. / Neustoilet bij zuigelingen met rinitis.

A good nasal passage is crucial for neonates and infants, as they rely on obligate nasal breathing. Feeding problems and dyspnoea are commonly seen in infants with nasal obstruction.In this article, we emphasize the importance of relieving nasal congestion caused by an infection. An effective therapy to reduce nasal obstruction, caused by mucus, is rinsing with saline. Xylometazoline can be added if the effect of saline is insufficient. However, guidelines are often cautious with prescribing nasal decongestants in infants. These recommendations are mainly based on case reports, and often concern overdoses or other medication than xylometazoline. The risk of severe side effects with xylometazoline in young children is low if the dosage is adequate.